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41.
Large-scale strongly nonlinear and nonconvex mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) models frequently appear in optimization-based process synthesis, integration, intensification, and process control. However, they are usually difficult to solve by existing algorithms within acceptable time. In this study, we propose two robust homotopy continuation enhanced branch and bound (HCBB) algorithms (denoted as HCBB-FP and HCBB-RB) where the homotopy continuation method is employed to gradually approach the optimum of the NLP subproblem at a node from the solution at its parent node. A variable step length is adapted to effectively balance feasibility and computational efficiency. The computational results from solving four existing process synthesis problems demonstrate that the proposed HCBB algorithms can find the same optimal solution from different initial points, while the existing MINLP algorithms fail or find much worse solutions. In addition, HCBB-RB is superior to HCBB-FP due to much lower computational effort required for the same locally optimal solution. 相似文献
42.
Biyun Fang Chuanfeng Zhang Zeliang Qi Chunyan Li Jun Ni Xiuyun Wang Jianxin Lin Chak-Tong Au Bingyu Lin Lilong Jiang 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2022,68(11):e17849
The design of an efficient non-noble metal catalyst is of burgeoning interest for ammonia synthesis. Herein, we report a Mo2C/CeO2 catalyst that is superior in ammonia synthesis activity. In this catalyst, molybdenum carbide coexisted with the ceria overlayers which is from the ceria support as the strong metal–support interaction. There is a high proportion of low-valent Mo species, as well as high concentration of Ce3+ and surface oxygen species. The presence of Mo2C and CeO2 overlayers not only leads to enhancement of hydrogen and nitrogen adsorption, but also facilitates the desorption and exchange of adsorbed species with the gaseous reagents. Compared with the Mo/CeO2 catalyst prepared without carbonization, the Mo2C/CeO2 catalyst is more than sevenfold higher in ammonia synthesis rate. This work not only presents an explicit example of designing Mo-based catalyst that is highly efficient for ammonia synthesis by tuning the adsorption and desorption properties of the reactant gases, but opens a perspective for other elements in ammonia synthesis. 相似文献
43.
In recent years, the light field (LF) as a new imaging modality has attracted wide interest. The large data volume of LF images poses great challenge to LF image coding, and the LF images captured by different devices show significant differences in angular domain. In this paper we propose a view prediction framework to handle LF image coding with various sampling density. All LF images are represented as view arrays. We first partition the views into reference view (RV) set and intermediate view (IV) set. The RVs are rearranged into a pseudo sequence and directly compressed by a video encoder. Other views are then predicted by the RVs. To exploit the four dimensional signal structure, we propose the linear approximation prior (LAP) to reveal the correlation among LF views and efficiently remove the LF data redundancy. Based on the LAP, a distortion minimization interpolation (DMI) method is used to predict IVs. To robustly handle the LF images with different sampling density, we propose an Iteratively Updating depth image based rendering (IU-DIBR) method to extend our DMI. Some auxiliary views are generated to cover the target region and then the DMI calculates reconstruction coefficients for the IVs. Different view partition patterns are also explored. Extensive experiments on different types LF images also valid the efficiency of the proposed method. 相似文献
44.
《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2021,41(13):6559-6566
This paper reports on a method for producing ceramics from a high-purity, submicron InGaO3(ZnO)2 powder synthesised using a PVA-assisted gel combustion method, as well as an experimental study of the thermophysical properties of the ceramic materials obtained. The platelet-like crystallites of the InGaO3(ZnO)2 obtained were several microns long and up to several hundred nanometres thick. Layered ceramics obtained by sintering compacted InGaO3(ZnO)2 powders at temperatures of 1373–1773 K had a bulk density that was 68–96 % of the theoretical density. The temperature dependence of heat capacity in the range 306–1346 K was studied experimentally for InGaO3(ZnO)2 using the DSC method. It was found that, in the range 323–1173 K, layered InGaO3(ZnO)2 ceramics had a low thermal conductivity, which decreased from 2.0–1.3 W/(m K. The results obtained make it possible to consider this material as a promising thermal barrier coating. 相似文献
45.
Constantin Tnase Lucia Pintilie Raluca Elena Tnase 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(4)
In the total stereo-controlled synthesis of natural prostaglandins (PGs) and their structural analogs, a vast class of compounds and drugs, known as the lactones, are encountered in a few key steps to build the final molecule, as: δ-lactones, γ-lactones, and 1,9-, 1,11-, and 1,15-macrolactones. After the synthesis of 1,9-PGF2α and 1,15-PGF2α lactones, many 1,15-lactones of E2, E3, F2, F3, A2, and A3 were found in the marine mollusc Tethys fimbria and the quest for understanding their biological role stimulated the research on their synthesis. Then 1,9-, 1,11-, and 1,15-PG lactones of the drugs were synthesized as an alternative to the corresponding esters, and the first part of the paper describes the methods used for their synthesis. The efficient Corey procedure for the synthesis of prostaglandins uses the key δ-lactone and γ-lactone intermediates with three or four stereocenters on the cyclopentane fragment to link the PG side chains. The paper describes the most used procedures for the synthesis of the milestone δ-Corey-lactones and γ-Corey-lactones, their improvements, and some new promising methods, such as interesting, new stereo-controlled and catalyzed enantioselective reactions, and methods based on the chemical/enzymatic resolution of the compounds in different steps of the sequences. The many uses of δ-lactones not only for the synthesis of γ-lactones, but also for obtaining 9β-halogen-PGs and halogen-substituted cyclopentane intermediates, as synthons for new 9β-PG analogs and future applications, are also discussed. 相似文献
46.
Yaseen K.R. Shariff Harish K. Choudhary Vijay Khopkar Ankit Yadav R. Madhusudhana Balaram Sahoo 《Ceramics International》2021,47(10):14907-14912
We report the mechanism involved in sol-gel auto-combustion synthesis of Ba–Sr-hexaferrite (Ba1-xSrxFe12O19; x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1, BSFO) ceramic powders through the analysis of the phases evolved during annealing of the as-synthesized powders, along with their structure and morphological studies. The XRD patterns of the as-synthesized samples indicate the formation of barium/strontium monoferrite ((Ba/Sr)Fe2O4) and maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) phases along with a minute amount of hematite (α-Fe2O3) phase. Annealing of these samples facilitates formation of BSFO phase through the solid state reaction between BaFe2O4 and γ-Fe2O3 phase. Interestingly, after annealing the samples with x = 0, 0.5 and 1, at 1000 °C for 2 h, we observed that phase pure Ba–Sr hexaferrite structure forms, but for samples with x = 0.25 and 0.75, high amount of hematite (α-Fe2O3) phase is observed, especially for x = 0.75. The reason associated with this could be the large difference between the ionic radii of Ba2+ and Sr2+ ions occupying the oxygen site. Furthermore, our study on annealing dependent phase evolution confirms that, this difference in ionic radii forbids the formation of a single phase Ba–Sr hexaferrite. The growth of clear hexagonal-shaped plate-like particles with varied particle sizes was observed for all the samples. The particle size variation may be due to the influence of the ionic radii difference on the sinterability of the samples. Our study provides a better understanding of synthesis mechanism of Ba–Sr hexaferrite samples. 相似文献
47.
Pao Yang Hongbin Qi Xiuli Fu Zhijian Peng 《International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology》2021,18(6):2020-2032
Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 powders were prepared by a novel molten-salt synthesis method. The effects of calcination processes of the powders on their sintering behaviors were investigated. Compared with the synthesis by traditional solid-state reaction, the proposed molten-salt method can significantly reduce the synthesis temperature of Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 from 800 to 550°C below, and the prepared powders have relatively high sintering activity at low temperature, which can thus decrease the sintering temperature. However, the abnormal growth of grains is easy to occur during sintering, thus resulting in uneven grain size. In particular, during the molten-salt synthesis, the holding time for calcination is a dominant factor affecting the activity and crystallization degree of the resultant powders. From the point of view of increasing the density of sintered bodies, the optimal conditions for synthesizing Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 powder by the proposed molten-salt synthesis is 400°C for 6 h. In addition, the saturate magnetization of the finally obtained ferrite ceramics has nothing to do with the preparation processes, while their coercivity depends on their densification and grain size caused by their different processing routes. 相似文献
48.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(10):14349-14359
The influence of heat-treatment temperatures (700 °C, 900°C, 1200 °C) on the phase, physical properties, crystallization rate, and in vitro properties of the solution combustion synthesized silicon-doped calcium phosphates (CaPs) were investigated. The thermodynamic aspects (enthalpy, entropy, and free energy) of the synthesis process and the crystallographic properties of the final samples were first predicted and then confirmed using density functional theory (DFT). Results demonstrated that the crystallization rate was controlled by the fuel(s) type (glycine, citric acid, and urea) and the amounts of Si4+ ions (0, 0.1, 0.4 mol). The highest calculated crystallization rate values of the un-doped, 0.1, and 0.4 mol Si-doped samples were 64%, 22%, 38%, respectively. The obtained results from the DFT simulation revealed that crystal growth in the direction of c-axis of hydroxyapatite (HAp) structure could change the stability of (001) surface of (HAp). Also, the computational data confirmed the adsorption of Si–OH groups on the (001) surface of HAp during the SCS process with an adsorption energy of 1.53 eV. AFM results in line with DFT simulation showed that the observed change in the surface roughness of Si-doped CaPs from 2 to 8 nm could be related to the doping of Si4+ ions onto the surface of CaPs. Besides, the theoretical and experimental investigation showed that crystal growth and doping of Si4+ ions could decrease the activation energy of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Furthermore, the results showed that the crystallized HAp structure could have great potential to efficiently reduce oxidative stress in human body. 相似文献
49.
Polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers are recognized as the prospective diesel additive to decrease the pollutant emission from the light-duty vehicles, which can be polymerize form the monomer of dimethoxymethane (DMM). The industrial synthesis of DMM is mainly involved two-step process: methanol is oxidized to form the formaldehyde in fixed bed reactor and then reacted with the generated formaldehyde through acetalization in continuous stirred-tank reactor. Due to huge energy consumption, this typical synthesis route of DMM needs to be upgraded and more green routes should be determined. In this review, four state-of-the-art one-step direct synthetic routes, including two upgrading routes (methanol direct oxidation and direct dehydrogenation) and two green routes (methanol diethyl ether direct oxidation and carbon oxides direct hydrogenation), have been summarized and compared. Combination with the reaction mechanism and catalytic performance on the different catalysts, the challenges and opportunities for every synthetic route are proposed. The relationships between catalyst structure and property in different synthesis strategy are also investigated and then the suggestions of the design of catalyst are given about future research directions that efforts should be made in. Hopefully, this review can bridge the gap between newly developed catalysts and synthesis technology to realize their commercial applications in the near future. 相似文献
50.
随着基于位置服务(Location Based Services,LBS)的发展与智能移动设备的普及,室内定位算法与系统受到了广泛研究与关注。为提高室内定位精度、增强系统鲁棒性,提出了基于多边限定的fingerprint定位方法。基于Wi-Fi RSSI(Received Signal Strength Indication)信号处理建立离线fingerprint数据库;通过对拟合距离-RSSI函数分析,提出了多边限定的方法确定一个最佳参考点(Reference Point,RP)集合,缩小在线定位阶段的搜索范围。在此基础上,再利用fingerprint定位方法进行定位。此外,实现了基于提出方法的室内定位系统原型用于算法性能评估。通过大量真实场景实验分析、验证了相较于传统fingerprint方法,基于多边限定的fingerprint定位方法能有效提高室内定位精度,增强系统鲁棒性。 相似文献